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计算机专业英语
专业英语试题精解
根据考试大纲的要求，高级程序员应具有大学毕业程度的英语词汇量，能正确阅读和理解计算机领域的英文文献，相当于大学四级英语水平。
解答专业英语试题的关键在于熟悉相关的计算机专业英语。试题以考查词汇为主，兼考语法。复习时应多读一些计算机方面的英语时文，积累一些计算机专业词汇。解题时，一般先考虑语义，后考虑语法。
1990～2000年英语试题涉及的主题分布情况见表5-1。总的来说，大多涉及流行的软件技术，时代感很强。
试题1 (2000年试题14)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述中{
}内的最确切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
Network managers have long { A
} practical voice-over-IP(VOIP) solutions. VOIP{ B } ease network
management and decreases costs by converging at a company's
telephony and data infrastructures into one network. And a VOIP
solution implemented at a company's headquarters with far-reaching
branch offices can { C }tremendous amounts of { D } in long
distance phone bill, provided that solution delivers POTS-like
voice { E } over the Internet.
供选择的答案
A：①await
②awaited
③awaiting
④awaits
B：①promise
②promised
③promises
④promising
C：①get
②put
③save
④waste
D：①cash
②money
③space
④time
E：①frequency
②length
③quality
④quantity
【解析】
题中A处考查语法，这里是现在完成时，动词形式是过去分词，应选择"awaited"。
B处也是个语法问题，这里是一般现在时，主语是单数形式，因而谓语动词的形式也是单数，应选择"promises"。
C处从语义上看是"节省"的意思，只有"save"一次符合要求。
D处指费用、金钱，只有"money"一词适合。
E处指语音质量，应选择"quality"。
参考译文：网络管理员一直期待着实用的VOIP(IP话音业务)解决方案。通过将公司的电话和数据基础设施集成于同一网络，VOIP简化网络管理，降低成本。如果VOIP解决方案通过因特网提供类似POTS的声音质量，将其用于拥有无程分支机构的公司总部，可节省大量的长途话费。
【答案】A：② B：③ C：③ D：② E：③
试题2 (2000年试题15)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述中{
}内的最确切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
Basically, a firewall is a { A
} process or a set of integrated processes that runs on a router
or { B } to control the flow of networked application traffic { C
} through it. Typically, firewalls are placed on the entry point
to a { D }network such as the Internet. They could be considered
traffic cops. The firewall's { E }is to ensure to ensure that all
communication between an organization's network and the Internet
conform to the organization's security policies.
供选择的答案
A：①dependent
②isolated
③related
④standalone
B：①browser
②client
③repeater
④server
C：①pass
②passed
③passing
④passes
D：①local
②national
③private
④public
E：①mole
②pole
③role
④rule
【解析】
题中A处显然是"独立的、单独的"的意思，应选择"standalone"。
从上下文看，B处是指服务器，应选择"server"。
C处则是个语法问题，现在分词作定语，应选择③。
从后面的"Internet"判断，D处意义应当是"公共的"，只有"public"一词符合。
E处意是"角色"的意思，选择"role"。
参考译文：基本上，防火墙是在路由器或服务器上运行的一个独立的或一组集成的处理器，用来控制通过网络应用程序流经它的信息流。典型的防火墙位于进入像因特网这样的公共网络的入口处。可以将它们看作是交通警察。防火墙的角色就是确保组织的网络与因特网之间的所有通信符合组织的安全政策。
【答案】A：④ B：④ C：③ D：④ E：③
试题3 (1999年试题14)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述中{
}内的最确切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
All of these applications will
enhance the { A } of life and spur economic growth. Over half of
the U.S. work force is now in jobs that are information { B } .
The telecommunication and information sector of the U.S. economy
now { C }for 12 percent of the Gross Domestic Product, groing much
faster than any other sector of the economy. Last year the { D }in
this sector exceeded 700 billion dollars. The U.S. exported over
48 billion doooars of telecommunication equipment { E }.
A：①quantity
②quality
③mass
④amount
B：①based
②bassed
③bases
④base
C：①look
②looks
③account
④accounts
D：①revenues
②expenses
③outputs
④loss
E：①among
②alone
③simple
④single
【解析】
题中A处显然指生活质量，应选择②。
B处则是个语法问题，是被动语态。
C处从语义上看是"占多少比例"，"account
for"是习惯用法，注意一下语法，谓语动词是单数。
D处指财政收入，只有"revenues"一词符合。
E处是"单独"、"独自"的意思，语法上是副词作状态，选"alone"。
参考译文：所有这些应用软件会提高人们的生活质量，刺激经济增长。现在美国半数以上的劳动力所从事的工作依赖于信息。在美国经济中，电信和信息门类占国内生产总值的12%，而且增长速度也比其他经济门类都快。去年该行业收入超过7000亿美元。美国电信设备的出口额超过480亿元。
【答案】A：② B：① C：④ D：① E：②
试题4 (1999年试题15)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述中{
}内的最确切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
The growth of switching has { A
} a new generation of network management tools that help { B }cope
with the challenges, { C }them to correlate device alarm in order
to { D }pinpoint root causes, or to monitor service levels without
depending on IP subnetting schemes. These new tools have become
essential to coping with the primary { E }effect of any treatment
that significantly increases network flexibility: added
complexity.
供选择的答案
A：①create
②creates
③created
④creating
B：①technicians
②workers
③salesmen
④professors
C：①enjoying
②enabling
③engaging
④enriching
D：①better
②well
③welly
④goods
E：①back
②side
③front
④lateral
【解析】
本题是关于网络管理技术的，难度大一些。
A处主要考语法，完成时动词形式。
B处考词义，只有"technicians"(技术员)最合适。
C处从语义和语法上看应是"enabling"，意思是"使……能"。
D处副词修饰动词不定式，而且隐含比较级，只有"better"合适。
E处是"副作用"的意思，显然用"side"。side作形容词，表示"旁边的、侧面的、副的、枝的"，side
effect则指副作用。
参考译文：交换技术的发展产生了新一代网络管理工具。这些工具有助于技术人员应付挑战，使它们能与设备报警相联以更好地查明根本原因，或者不依赖于IP子网配置来监控服务级别。这些工具对解决因显著增加网络适应性(额外的复杂性)带来的主要副作用的问题是必需的。
【答案】A：③ B：① C：② D：① E：②
试题5 (1998年试题12)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述中{
}内的最确切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
Many word processing programs
include spell checker. It checks the spelling of every word in a {
A } by looking up each word in its dictionary. If the word does
not appear in the dictionary, the user is { B }to a possible
misspelling and possible corrections are often { C }. Spell
checker does not recognize unusual people names or specialized
terms, but it will often allow you to to create your own personal
dictionary of specialized words you often use. Spell checker is a
valuable aids to proofreading, but it can not catch the { D }of
one correctly spelled word for another (such as form for from).
Thus it does not { E }a document is free of spelling errors.
A;①document
②equipment
③program
④statement
B、C
①alerted
②alternate
③guessed
④guided
⑤suggested
⑥surprised
D; ①addition
②condition
③notation
④substitution
E; ①committee
②correct
③grarantee
④prove
【解析】
参考译文：许多字处理都包括了拼写检查的功能，拼写检查通过查自己的字典来检查一个文件中的每一个单词。如果字典里没有这个单词，用户就会被警告可能拼写错误，同时也经常提供一个纠正该错误的建议。拼写检查程序不能识别不常用的人名或专用术语，但是它允许你生成自己的个人字典，把自己常用的词语加进去。拼写检查程序对文字校对来说是一个有用的工具，但是它不能检查到一个单词被另一个拼写正确的单词所代替这样的错误，因此它不能保证一个文件中没有拼写错误。
【答案】A：① B：① C：⑤ D：④ E：③
试题6 (1998年试题13)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述中{
}内的最确切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
A local-area network(LAN) is a
communications network that { A } a variety of devices and
provides a { B }for information exchange among those devices. The
scope of the LAN is small typically a single building or a cluster
of builings. The LAN is usually owned by the same organlization
that owns the { C } devices.The internal data rate of LAN is at
least several Mbit/s. The basic of LAN communciation is
broadcasting. At each station, there is a transmitter/receiver
that commuinciates over a { D }shared by other stations. A
transmission from any one station is { E }to an received by all
other stations.
供选择的答案
A、B、D、E：①broadcast
②cable
③control
④interconnects⑤internet
⑥meander
⑦means
⑧medium
⑨modem
⑩output 11. switch
12. relay
C：①adopted
②attached
③selected
④unified
【解析】
参考译文：局域网是将许多设备互连在一起并提供一种在这些设备间交换信息的方法的通信网。局域网的范围通常比较小，如一个建筑物或一群建筑物。局域网通常为拥有那些连接在网上的设备的同一组织所拥有。局域网的内部传输率至少为几兆字节每秒。局域网的基本通讯方式为广播方式。每个站都有一个转发/接收器，通过一个与其他站共享的媒介来通讯。从任何一个站发送的消息都被广播发送到所有的站，被所有的站接收。
【答案】A：④ B：⑦ C：② D：⑧ E：①
试题7 (1997年试题11)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述中{
}内的最确切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
The relational database model requires the
data be { A } through programs that don't rely on the position of
the data in the database. This in in direct { B } to the other
database mode, where the program has to follow a series of
pointers to the data it seeks.{ A } program { C } a relational
database simply asks for the data it seeks; the DBMS performs the
necessary searches and { D }the information. The { E }on how the
search is done are specific to the DBMS and vary from product to
product.
供选择的答案
A：①accessed
②moved
③read
④wrote
B：①conduct
②contract
③contrast
④construct
C：①consulting
②containing
③querying
④queuing
D：①erases
②provides
③proves
④values
E：①details
②documents
③tails
④tenants
【解析】
参考译文：在关系型数据库模型中，要求通过程序访问数据时，不必依赖于数据在数据库中的位置。这种方式与其他数据库模式中采用的方式的不同之处在于：其他数据库模式中，程序需要通过访问一系列指针才能查到所要访问的数据。在关系型数据库中，程序查询数据库的方式只是直接指向所要查找的数据，数据库管理系统会实施必要的查询工作，然后将查询结果提供给程序。具体如何进行查询，与数据库管理系统有关，并且不同的数据库产品之间也有所不同。
【答案】A：① B：③ C：③ D：② E：①
试题8 (1997年试题12)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述中{
}内的最确切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
When most people refer to
multimedia, they generally mean the combination of tow
or more continuous media, usually with some user { A } . In
practice, the two media are normally audio and video, that is, { B
}plus moving { C }.
It should be obvious by now that transmitting multimedia material
in uncompressed form is completely out of { D }, the only hope is
that massive compression is possible. Fortunately, a algorithms
that make multimedia transmisson { E }.
供选择的答案
A～C：①display
②games
③help
④interaction⑤pictures
⑥sound
⑦web
D、E：①impossible
②fearful
③feasible
④program⑤questio
⑥thing
【答案】A：④
B：⑥ C：⑤
D：⑤ E：③
试题9 (1996年试题13)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述｛｝的最确切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
{ A } whether to go with a
shared or switched fast LAN technology once you start to maxout
your shared Ethernet of token-ring LAN is tough call. Users and
analysts involved in { B }high-speed LANs have learned the
benefits of each. However there are trade-offs to each, and { C }
which fast LAN technology to choose is critical for { D }network
performance problems and { E }costly purchasing mistakes.
供选择的答案
A～E：①avoiding
②clipping
③choosing
④deciding
⑤dissolving⑥ensuring
⑦evolving
⑧implementing
⑨knowing
⑩solving
【解析】
参考译文：你一旦想扩大你自己的以太网或令牌环LAN的共享能力，就面临着一种选择：是用共享快速LAN技术还是交换快速LAN技术?那些已决定高速LAN的用户们和分析家们都知道，这两种技术各有其优点也都有其不足。明确选择哪一种技术是解决网络性能问题和避免购买浪费的关键。
【答案】A：④ B：⑧ C：⑨ D：⑩ E：①
试题10 (1996年试题14)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面叙述中{
}内的最解切的解答，把相应编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
The most accurate and most
boring way to { A } Java is that is a new computer programming
language developed by Sun Microsystems that creates { B
}independent programs the that can be distributed and run
remotely. To run Java programs, a computer must have a Java
interpreter. Currently { C }Java programs are small"applets" that
are { C }as part of web pages.
When you use a Java { D }browser to view a Web page that in cludes
a Java applet, the broser loads the applet onto your computer
through your modem or network. Then the Java interpreter runs the
applet, which could include animation or sound, on your computer
rather than transmitting the code bit by bit over the Internet. A
few thousand bytes of Java code can turn into a powerful program
on your computer.
So an applet could in clude { E }with Java interpreter.
供选择的答案
A：①command
②comment
③describe
④discover
B：①condition
②platform
③programmer
④workstation
C、D：①available
②capable
③possible
④probable⑤stable
⑥valuable
E：①animation
or sound ②animation
and sound③animation
and be run ④animation
and be loaded
【解析】
参考译文：关于Java一词最准确且最乏味的描述是，它是一种新的计算机程序设计语言，是由Sun
Microsystems公司开发的，它用来生成与平台无关的可以分布在远程机器上运行的程序。要想运行Java程序，计算机上必须装有Java解释器。当前可用的Java程序是一些小(应用程序)片断，被用作Web页的一部分。
当你用一个支持Java的浏览器来浏览一个包含Java小应用程序的Web页时，浏览器将这个小应用程序通过调制器或网络传到你的计算机上，然后Java解释器运行这个小应用程序，其中可能镶嵌动画和声音，这些操作都是在你的计算机上完成的，而不是通过Internet一位一位地传输代码过来。几千字节的Java代码可能在你的计算机上变成一个强有力的程序。
所以一个Java小应用程序可以包含动画，需要Java解释器来执行它。
【答案】A：③ B：② C：① D：② E：③
试题11 (1995年试题11)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面英文语句叙述中{
}内的正确答案，把编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
For users, microkernel
technology promise { A }, compact, and sophisticated operating
systems that are typically { B }across a range of hardware
platforms. These operating systems will be customizable to let
users run multiple operatin system and application "per-Sonalities"
on top of a single microkernel { C } .Microkernel-based systems
can provide this flexbility because the core operating
system functionc are { D } from the large number of utilities,
features and extension that are layered on top of them. As a
result, updation and maintaining operating system is easier, since
developers don't have to modify the { E } every time they must add
a new feature.
供选择的答案：
A：①slow
②fast
③quickly
④speed
B：①moveable
②made
③portable
④use
C：①bases
②foundations
③systems
④foundation
D：①separate
②connected
③compared
④selected
E：①core
②center
③heat
④utility
【解析】
参考译文：对用户来说，微内核技术有希望实现能在许多硬件平台上移植的快速、紧凑和先进的操作系统。这些操作系统可以定制化，以使用户可在单个微内核基础上运行多个操作系统和应用程序。
基于微内核的系统之所以能够提供此灵活性是因为核心的操作系统功能与大量用程序、特征和扩展功能是分离的。它们分层加于核心功能上，其结果是使更新和维护操作系统更加容易了。因为开发人员不必在每次加入一个新特色时都修改核心。
【答案】A：② B：③ C：④ D：① E：①
试题12 (1995年试题12)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面英语文句叙述中{
}内的正确答案，把编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
Application development
increasingly means Windows development, and the popularity of
visual development tools has { A } in tandem with Windows itself.
These tools create beautiful windowing { B } , and their fast
development cycles and easy learning curves make them a good { C }
for many types of PC development projects. Today's developers are
leveraging these tools and the abundance of cheap, powerful PCs to
shift the balance of power to the desking.
As the world moves inexorably toward Windows and other { D }user
interfaces, developers can choose from an abundance of { E }
oriented tools. Popular examples in clude Microsoft Corp's Visual
Basic, Powersoft Corp's PowerBuilder, Gupta Technology Corp's SQL
Windows, and so on.
供选择的答案：
A：①rise
②risen
③rised
④rising
B：①interfaces
②pictures
③graphs
④books
C：①choose
②selections
③choice
④select
D：①graphics
②graph
③graphitic
④graphical
E：①visually
②lively
③quickly
④specially
【解析】
参考译文：应用程序的开发越来越多地意味着Windows的开发。直观化的开发工具的流行紧随着Windows本身的普及而发展。这些工具能生成漂亮的窗口式接口，其快速开发周期和易于学习的过程使它们成为多种PC开发项目的良好选择。今天的开发人员正利用这些工具和大量廉价而功能强有和PC机把力量的平衡移到台式机上。
随着世界坚定地朝着Windows和其他图形用户接口转移，开发人员可以在大量的面向直观化的工具中进行选择。流行的例子包括Microsoft公司的Visual
Basic、Powersoft公司的Power Builder, Gupta技术公司的SQL Windows等。
【答案】A：② B：① C：③ D：④ E：①
试题13 (1994年试题11)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面英语文句叙述中{
}内的正确答案，把编号写在答案的对应栏内。
Object-oriented DBMSs integrated a variety of { A } data
types-such as business procedures, graphics, pictures, vioce and
annotated text.
Object orientation also makes a { B }to application development
efficiency. It makes the data, functions, attributes, and
relationships an integral part of the { C } .
In this way, objects can be reused an replicated.
Some leading RDBMS vendors support the concept ofintegrating
object management capabilities with their current line of
relational products. That capability enable users to { D }the
development cycle, since integrity logic and business rules no
longer need to be programmed { E } each application.
供选择的答案
A～E：①tool
②in
③idea
④contribution
⑤joke
⑥short
⑦object
⑧theoretical
⑨extent
⑩shorten
11.real-world 12.into
【解析】
参考译文：面向对象的数据库管理系统将各种现实世界的数据类型--商业事务过程、图形、图片、语音和注释文本等加以集成。
面向对象对应用开发效率也有贡献。它使数据、函数、属性和关系成为对象的完整的部分，这样，对象就可以被重新使用和复制。
某些领先的关系数据库管理系统的销售商支持将对象管理能力与他们目前经营的关系产品系列相结合的概念。这种能力可以使用户缩短开发周期，因为完整的逻辑和事务规则不再需要为每个应用程序编程。
【答案】A：11 B：④ C：⑦ D：⑩ E：12
试题14 (1994年12)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面英语文句叙述中{
}内的正确答案，把编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
In { A }software, one question
of near-universal interest is how rapidly Windows NT, which began
shipping last summer, will be { B } in the marketplace and for
what uses. For the most part, observers are { C } about the
operating system's long term prospects, but expect it to remain on
{ D } rather than desktops during 1994, saying that it won't
become a mainstream product until { E } PCs typically have 16 to
24MB of RAM, which is unlikely to happen next year.
供选择的答案
【答案】A～E：①applications
②accepted
③clients
④enthusiastic⑤Servers
⑥desktop
⑦systems
⑧replaced
【解析】
参考译文：在系统软件中，一个普遍关心的问题是去年夏天开始出售的Windows
NT将会如何快速地被市场所接受以及起什么作用。大部分观察家们对该操作系统的长远前景表示出热情，但预料在1994年间它仍将用在服务器上而非台式机上。他们说，在典型的台式PC机具有16MB至24MB内存之前，它不会成为主流产品，而这件事明年是不大可能发生的。
【答案】A：⑦ B：② C：④ D：⑤ E：⑥
试题15 (1993年试题12)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面英语文句中{ }内的正确答案，把编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
Mobile computers- which { A }
laptops, notebooks, subnotebooks and handhelds - { B } so
ubiquitous in such a short time, no sunrise to hear who say:"It
will define the leading edge { C } the next five years or so." The
most remarkable { D }mobile computers is the amount of data
storage and memory packed { E }their tiny boxes. These devices not
only handle windows easily but also run storage-hungry programs.
供选择的答案
A、B：①included
②include
③have included
④have become⑤had
become
C～E：①from
②for
③about
④at⑤on
⑥into
【解析】
参考译文：移动式计算机包括膝上型、笔记本型、小笔记本型和掌上型，在如此短的时间内变得如此之普遍，不必吃惊它将在下一个5年或更长时期名列前茅。移动式计算机最显著的特点是装入其小盒子的数据存储的量。这些设备不仅能容易地处理窗口作业而且能运行大存储量的程序。
【答案】A：② B：④ C：② D：③ E：⑥
试题16 (1993年试题13)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下面英语语文句中{
}内的正确答案，把编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
One of the guidelines in
writing the C code for a software tool is as follows: write code
that is as clear and as simple as { A }. The C language can be
difficult to read if you combine all { B }features in a single
statement. Break complicated { C }into several easy to understand
statements for the { D }of readability. This style helps to make
your programs more { E } and error-free.
供选择的答案
A～E：①readable
②reusable
③Possible
④semantic⑤syntactic
⑥constructions
⑦safe
⑧impossible
⑨sake
⑩structure
【解析】
参考译文：为软件工具写C程序源码的一个规则如下：写的程序尽可能清晰、简单。如果你把所有句法特征组合在单个语句中，C语言将会很难读。为了提高可读性应打破复杂结构，将其分为几个易于理解的语句。这种风格有助于使你的程序更加可读，而且不出错误。
【答案】A：③ B：⑤ C：⑥ D：⑨ E：①
试题17 (1992年试题12)
从供选择的答案中，选出应填入下列英语文句中{ }内的正确答案，把编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
In recent years, one of the
more poplar topics panel discussions at computer conferences and
trade { A } has been the"RISC versus CISC"debate.
RISC processors feature a small number of instructions that each
executes in { B } machine cycle. CISC processors use complex
instructions that can take several cycles to execute.
The RISC Versus CISC debate won't be decided by panel discussion 1
it will be won in the marketplace. And the deciding factor may
have little to do with { C } of instructions and registers) and
more to do with parallelism.
Since their conception,
RISC processors have been evolving toward microparallelism, in
corporating parallel-processing features { D } the processor. RISC
processors feature pipelining, whereby many instructions can be
decoded while one instruction executes.
RISC processor, however, are moving to toward pipelines for each
unit of the processor.
CISC processors also employ pipelining. They have many interger
instructions that execute in one cycle, but the varying execution
times of CISC instructions { E } the effectiveness of parallelis.
供选择的答案
A～E：①union
②two
③numbers
④between
⑤limit⑥contents
⑦shows
⑧one
⑨within
⑩enhance
【解析】
参考译文：近年来，在计算机学术会议和贸易展览会上最流行的会场讨论课题之一是"RISC对CISC"的争论。
RISC处理器以少量指令为特征，且每条指令在一个机器周期中执行。CISC处理器使用复杂的指令，它们可能花费若干周期来执行。
RISC对CISC的争议将不由会场讨论来作结论，它将在市场中定胜负。并且，决定的因素也许很少取决于指令和寄存器的数目，而更多取决于并行性。
自从RISC概念提出后，RISC处理器正向着微并行性发展，它在处理器内部结合了并行处理的特性。RISC处理器以流水线为特点，在流水线上当一条指令执行时，许多指令能被解码。况且，RISC处理器正向着每个处理器单元多流水线发展。
CISC处理器也使用流水线。它们有许多在一个周期中执行的整数指令，但是CISC指令变化的执行时间限制了并行性的效率。
【答案】A：⑦ B：⑧ C：③ D：⑨ E：⑤
试题18 (1992年试题13)
从供选择的答案，选出应填入下列英语文句中{ }内的正确答案，把编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
While most recemt attemtion
in the AI field has been focused on expert system software, AI { A
} has also seen dramatic advances. Activity, In the past years was
characterized by new low-cost, powerful LISP machines, the
introduction of AI workstations, LISP compilers becoming available
for all major professional and engineering workstations, and the
personal computer emerging as a { B }tool for expert system
development. The next few years will see this technology evolves
further.
Because the{ C } of an AI
computer represents a sizeable investment, companies should
carefully { D } all options that are available as well as have a
good idea of what the next generation of systems will offer in
order to { E }the optimum system. This publication provides the
Information necessary to gain this understanding.
供选择的答案
A～E：①choice
②read
③importan
④software
⑤hardware
⑥significant
⑦emergence
⑧survey
⑨purchase
⑩select
【解析】
参考译文：当AI领域最近的注意力集中于专家系统软件时，AI硬件也显示出巨大的进展。过去一些年的活动有下述特征：新的低价格和强功能的LISP机、引进AI工作站、LISP编译器可用于所有主要的专业或工程工作站以及个人计算机作为专家系统开发的值得注意的工具出现。最近几年将会看到这个技术的进一步演变。
因为购买一个AI计算机意味着一笔相当在的投资，公司为了选择一个最佳系统应仔细地考查所有可用的选择，并对下一代系统将提供什么有一个好的想法。本文对了解这些东西提供了必要的信息。
【答案】A：⑤ B：⑥ C：⑨ D：⑧ E：⑩
试题19 (1991年试题12)
从供选择的答案中选出应填入下列英语文句中{ }内的正确答案，把编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
It is traditional when
dealing with languages of all sorts to try to separate co
nerns with{ A } , the subject of syntax, from concerns with B ,
the field of semantics, Consider the simple "language" of binary
numerals. Some examples of binary mumerals are
|
0 |
1 |
|
101 |
0101 |
|
11001 |
101111 |
A communication in this
language evidently consists of a finite sequence of characters
'0', '1' This is just syntax however, and says C about what such a
communication is intended to mean.
Mumbers are "D" mathematical concepts, whereas the digit strings
that strings that appear on paper are numerals, that is to say, E
representations or descriptions of numbers.
供选择的答案
A～C：①symbol
②form
③meaning
④context⑤nothing
⑥concept
D、E：①abstract
②concrete
③simple
④ordinary⑤symbolic
⑥logic
【解析】
参考译文：处理各种语言时，传统的做法试图将有关形式的语法问题和有关含义的语义方面区分开来。考虑简单的二进制数的"语言"。下面是二进制数的例子
【答案】A：② B：③ C：⑤ D：① E：⑤
试题20 (1991年试题13)
从供选择的答案中选出应填入下列英语文句中{ }内的正确答案，把编号写在答卷的对应栏内。
With the widespread
use of the personal computer, many authorities in the field of { A
} have pointed out the need for computer literacy.
Unfortunately, there
is no { B } agreement as to what the term "computer literacy"
means. Some feel that computer literacy means knowing how to make
the computer "computer literacy" means. Some feel that computer
literacy means knowing how to make the computer "compute"; that
is, knowing how to program computers in one or more programming
languages.
Others feel that knowing how to program is merely a small segment
of computer literacy. These people { C } the major emphasis in
schools should be on teaching how to effectively use the many
software packages that are available.
Still others suggest
that computer literacy education is not required. They suggest tha
computers are being so rapidly integrated into our society that
using a computer will be as { D }as using a telephone or a video
tape recorder, and that special education will not be necessary.
{ E } of one's definition of computer literacy, it is recognized
by most that learning to use a computer is indeed an important
skill in modern society.
供选择的答案
A：①culture
②science
③education
④industry
B、D：①equal
②universal
③different
④difficult⑤common
⑥big
C：①claim
②deny
③define
④call
D：①Importance
②Instead
③Because
④Regardless
【解析】
参考译文：随着个人计算机的广泛使用，许多教育领域的权威人士已经指出了对计算机文化的需要。
不幸的是对于"计算机文化"术语的含义尚无一致的意见。某些人觉得计算机文化意味着知道如何用计算机来"计算"；也就是说，知道如何以一种或多种编程语言为计算机编程。
另一些人认为如何编程只是计算机文化的一小部分。这些人主张学校中的教学重点应是教会学生如何有效地使用大量已有的软件包。
另外一些人建议计算机文化教育是不需要的。他们建议计算机正如此快速地进入我们社会中，以致于使用计算机将像使用电话或录像机一样普通，特设的教育是不必要的。
抛开人们关于计算机文化的定义，大多数人承认学会使用计算机的确是现代社会中的一项重要技能。
试题21 (1990年试题11)
将下列英语译成中文(只可使用词典)：
Programming languages
Ten years ago the
proliferation of programming languages caused many people to
foresee the development of a computer-age babel where, in total
ignorance of every other language, each programmer would learn
only his own chosen language. That unhappy situaton has not
occurred for several reasons. First, effective efforts have been
made to standardize particular languages such as Fortran and
Cobol. It should be pointed out that pragmatic rather than
scientific considerations motivated this standardization movement.
However, the second reason that Babel has been averted is that
computer scientists have begun to apply the scientific method to
organize the classification, comparison, and appreciation of
various programming languages.
Due to the efforts of
McCarthy(1962), Landin(1964), Strachey(1996), Wegner(1968), and
others who provided insight into operational models of
computation. We can now evaluate programming languages in terms of
an unifying view of computation structures. Semantics and the
expressive power resulting from modularity can now be studied in
terms of the data structures and the accessing paths to them
established during the execution of the control statements of the
language.
【答案】
参考译文：程序设计语言
十年前程序设计语言的激增使得许多预言在Babel时代，计算机空想通天塔的发展情形(Babel是基督教《圣经》中的城市名，诺亚的后代拟在此建通天塔，上帝怒其狂妄，使建塔人突操不同语言，塔因此终未建成。这里，用来比喻使用多种程序设计语言的空想)，在那里每个程序员完全可以忽略其他任何的语言，仅学习他自己选择的语言。由于种种原因，这种不幸的状况未发生。首先，有效的努力对特定的语言如Fortran和Cobol等的标准化起了作用。应指出，实用的而不是科学的考虑推动了这个标准化的进程。然而，Babel空想得以避免的第二个原因是计算机科学家已开始应用科学的方法来组织各种程序设计语言的分类、比较和鉴别。
通过McCarthy(1962)、Landin(1964)、Strachey(1996)、Wegner(1968)和其他对计算的操作模型深入考查的人们的努力，现在我们正以统一的计算结构观点来评价程序设计语言，可以通过数据结构以及在执行语言语句时建立的访问路径，来研究语言和模块化导出的表达能力。
试题22 (1990年试题12)
将下列英语译成中文(只可使用词典)：
Integrated Software
Convenience and saved time,
work, and effort are the promises of integrated software.
The antithesis of stand-alone packages, integrated software
delivers a collection of applications based upon a common user
interface and sharable data.
In its most common form,
the integraged product includes a word processor, a spreadsheet,
and some form of database. Many packages add telecommunications,
presentaion graphics, and outline modules. Comprehensive products
throw in desktop accessories such as calculators, calendars, DOS
shells, and other utilities.
Even when stand-alone products are from the same vendor, it can be
frustrating trying to move information between applications or
simply trying to remember which key to press to call up the menu.
That is why integrated packages appeal to many users, particularly
novices. Using an integrated product saves you the headache of
trying to move data in a Brand X word processor to a Brand Y
spreadsheet. And because the integrated package is a single
product from a single vendor, training, support, and upgrades also
are made simpler.
【答案】
参考译文：集成软件
方便、省时、省工县有效是集成软件的应具备的性质。
同独立软件包相比，集成软件提供一组基于公共用户界面和共享数据的应用程序。
在其大多数常用的形式中，集成的产品包括字处理、电子报表和某种形式的数据库。许多软件包加进了远程通信、表示图形以及轮廓模块。复杂的产品增添了如计算机器、日历等办公辅助软件、DOS外壳及其他实用程序。
即使独立的产品出自同样的供应商，试图在应用程序间传递信息或者只是简单地记住按哪个键来调出菜单都可能行不通。这就是集成软件包为什么对许多用户特别是新用户有吸引力的原因。使用集成的产品能省去试图将牌号X字处理程序中的数据传到牌号Y的报表程序这类令人头痛的问题。同时，因为集成软件包是来自单一供应商的单一产品，培训、支持和升级也变得更简单。
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